.3w 



014 311 862 9 



Hollinger 

pH 8^ 

JSei Run F03-2193 



\- 



I 5'S 



I AUG 26 »30e. ' 

I COPY ^" 



/C-' 



Price 15 cents 



The best guide to the city's impor- 
tant sights. 

Twice as many illustrations as 
any other. 




PHILADELPHIA'S GREAT PKIDE 

HEK CITY HALI. 



It took riiiladelpliia over 25 jears to build this iiiipossiiig 
structure. The total cost was over ifi million dollars; and at 
the time of its completlou it was the highest artificial structure 
in the world. It covers four and one-half acres of land, and 
has over 600 different offices and rooms. Exact'height, .547 feet. 
The statue of Wm. Penn on top of the tower is alone 30 ft. high. 
Visitors can go half way up the tower in elevator. 





c 





MAP OF PHILADELPHIA. 

Philadelphia is so laid out that it is very easy to go from point to point without getting lost. The streets run- 
ning north and south are aU numbered 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc., and the other way they have names, such as Market, 
Chestnut, Arch, etc. 

City Hall, occupying the juncture of Market and Broad, is the centre of the city. 

At Market st. the cross streets begin their numbers with 1 up, going both ways, so the numbers on the north 
are "north 9th, north 10th," etc., and on the south, "south 9th, south 10th," etc. 

The street numbers are arranged 100 numbers to a square, so that it is very easy to locate one's whereabouts, 
on the named streets. Thus, number 1852 Walnut street will be found between 18th and 19th sts. 

On the numbered streets, it is equally easy to locate oneself if he knows the arrangement of the named streets, 
which is as follows: [The distance between squares is about one-eighth of a mile, or aljout eight squares to a mile.] 



NORTH OF MARKET STREET 


SOUTH OF MARKET STREET. 


l-.Market. Filbert, Com- 


1400-Master, Shars- 


3300-Weslmoreland. 


l-.Markei, Javnp, Mer 


- wich. 


3.W0-Hoyt 




wood. 


3400-Ontario. 


ehant, Ludlow. 


ir.0O-Ta»ker. 


3600-Pattison. 


100-Arch, Cherry. 


1500-Jeffprson. 


3500-Tioga. 


100-Che.«lnui. Sansom 


, 17110-Morris. Watkins 


3 700- Beaver. 


200-Hace, New, Branch 


IGOO-Oxford. 


3600-Venango. 


Dock. 


1800-Moore. Siepel. 


.■(800-Hastings. 


300-Vine, Wood. 


1700-Columbia Ave. 


3700- Ene Ave. 


2n0-Walnut, Locust. 


1900-MiHlin. 


.'!900-A venue 39 Souiti 


400-Callowhill. Willow, 


ISOO-MonlRomery A\ 


e. 3S00-Butler. 


300-Spruce, DeLancev 


2000-McKean. 


4000-A venue 40 South 


Noble, Hamilton. 


1900- Berks. 


3900- Pike. 


400- Pine. 


2100-Snyder Ave. 


4100-Avenue 41 South 


500-Buttonwood.Spring 


2000-Norris. 


4000-Luzerne. 


.500-Lombard.Gaskill. 


2200-Jackson. 


4200-A venue 42 South 


Garilen. 


2100-Diamoncl. 


4100-Roxborough. 


600-South. Kater. 


2300-Wolf 


4300-Avenue 43 South 


fiOO-Green, Mt. Vernon, 


2200-Suiquehanna A\ 


e- 4200-Juniala. 


700-Bainbri<lge, Mon 


-2400-Rilner. 


4400-Avenue 44 South 


Wallace, Mellon. 


2300-Dautihin. 


4300-Bristol. 


roe. Fitzwater. 


2500- Porter. 


4500-Avenue 45 South 


70()-Fairmount Ave. 


2400-York. 


4400-CavuEa. 


800 -Catharine. 


2(i00-Shunk. 


Government Avenue. 


Ol.ve. 


2500 -Cumberland. 


4500-Wingoliocking. 


9fX)-Christian. 


2700 -Oregon Ave 


Schuylkill Avenue. 


SOO-Brown, Parrish, 


2G00-Himtin(rdon. 


4G00-Courtland. 


1000-Carpenter. 


2S00-.lohnston. 


League Island. 


Ogilen. 


2700- Lehigh Ave. 


4T00-Wyoming Ave. 


llOO-Washington .\ve 


. 2900-Bigler. 




900-Poplar. Laurel 


2800-Somerset. 


4S0O-London, 


Ellsworth. 


3000- Pollock. 




George. 


2900 -Cambria. 


4900-Kockland. 


1200-Federal. 


3 100- Packer. 




1200-Girard Ave.. Stiles 


3000-1 ndiana. 


5000-Kuscomb. 


1300-Wharlun. 


3200 -Curl in. 




1300-Thompson. Sey- 


3100-Clearfield. 


5100-Lindley. Wynne. 


UOO-Keed. 


S.iOO-trt'ary. 




bert. 


3200-Allegheny Ave. 




1500-Dickm.'iO0. Green 


-.3400-Hartranft. 





M I III M Mill I IIMII-IIIIIM III MIIM 11.11 



II II I I III I I I I I I I I I 1 -1 I M. I - I -I I | . | . | . | - | . | . | - l 11 I I I I III I I II II I l-l I I I I I I I I ll-l l- l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I 



\^^)LJ6^^.Ma6U^^^J6^J>^^ 




SOME SILHOUETTES OF OLD-TIME QUAKERS 



IV hat are the most important tilings to see? 

asks the stranger in this big city. 

Philadelphia's principal points of distinction are: 

First — ^It was settled by William Penn and the Quakers. 

Second — It was the home of Benjamin Franklin. 

Third— Th.(i first Congresses of the nation were held here and the Declara- 
tion of Independence was signed here. 

Fourth — The first American flag was made here. 

Fifth — The home of the two great financiers Robert Morris and Jay Cooke. 

Sixth— li is one of the big cities of the earth. 

Seventh — It is the leading manufacturing city in America. 

Eighth — It is the home of the famous merchant prince, John Wanamaker. 

Ninth— It has in its midst the largest and most beautiful city park in the 
country. * 

The most important sights in connection with these things are explained 
on the following pages. 



COPYRIGHT, 1903, ALBERT w. DENNIS 

PUBLISHED BY THE SALEM PRESS CO., 1905 

SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. 




WM. PENN AND THE 
QUAKERS 




PHILADELPHIA was founded by William Penn, 
and the city today is probably as glorious and en- 
during a monument as ever 
existed to the memory of one man's 
foresight, genius, and virtue. 

William Penn was an Englishman, 
born to wealth, rank, and station in 
life, who became a bitter disappoint- 
ment to his father and friends by 
^^""■""T^^^^^"^"^^^ turning his 
back on the 
opportu- 
nities wide 
open to him 

through liis '^™- P«°" 

father's high connections, and 
taking up with a sect of relig- 
ious enthusiasts called the 
Quakers, who were much de- 
tested at that time because of 
211 their queer mannerisms, ex- 
harter in travagant conduct, and rapid 
nee Hall. propagation. Penn became 
stanchest advocates of their cause. 






Penn making treaty with the Indians. A compact celebrated 
in history, because of the unparalleled fidelity with which it was 
lived up to by both parties, for nearly 100 years. The world's 
moralists, students, and philosophers have often referred to it as 
a notable case of friendship and understanrling established be- 
tween savages and civilizetl men, tending to show that a feeling 
of brotherhood and a moral sense of right and wrong exists in 
all men. Though drawn up in writing the document was neither 
signed, sealed, or sworn to, one of the Quaker articles of faith 
being never to take oath in the usual legal form. Voltaire .said 
wittily: "It is the only treaty in history which was never sworn 
to and never broken." 



travelling and preaching, and rendering much pro- 
tection to members who became victims of the persecu- 
tions that 
were every- 
where wag- 
ed against 
them. 

Finally 
Penn con- 
ceived the 
idea of es- 
taljlishing a 
colony for 
his sect in 
America 
where they 
couldbefree 
from the 
abuse and 
persecution 
that were 
heaped up- 
on them, 
and he se- 
cured a 
grant of 
land from 
the king, 
theterritory 
now known 
as Penn- 
sylvania 
(the wood- 
1 a n d of 
Penn). He 

laid his plans with careful detail; he sent over a com- 
missioner to survey and get an accurate map of the 
territory. Between the two 
large rivers near the coast 
he mapped out streets and 
scjuares for an extensive city ; 
he drafted a constitution for 
its government, also a code 
of laws of great liberality and 
equality. He sent over three 
shiploads of emigrants, and 
the next year he himself 
sailed with 100 more. On 
his arrival he visited the set- 
tlements of the Friends who 

had come before him and the stone nowmarkingspotwhere the old 
Swpflp'; qiid Diitfh wbn -tvprp "treaty elm" stood (in Penn Treaty 
.:?\^eaes ana tnucn \\no A\ere Park.^Beachst. above Hanover). 



The fiendish ferocity and cunning treachery of 
the American Indian is .something almost proverbial 
in all the annals and observations that ha\-e been 
handed down to us by the records of our colonial 
history. Yet the benevolent William Penn and his 
Quaker adherents made true and fast friends of the 
six nations of Indians that surrounded them. They 
had no arsenals, built no forts and carried no weap- 
ons of defence but depended upon the Indians' 
native moral sense, which Penn believed was nat- 
ural to all men. It is wonderful to read of the 
love, veneration and kindness the Indians felt for 
him and his people. 

Thev brought them venison and wild turkey, they came 
to them for advice when they were making trades and t reaties 
witli other white settlers. The early annals of Pennsylvania 
are full of such instances as the Indians returning children lost 
in the woods. A letter of one Quaker is preserved who relates 
that a man and his wife on the frontier journeyed every year 
to the annual meeting leaving their children at home, and 
the Indians would come e\'ery day to see if the children were 
safe and all right. In later years when the country became 
crowded with other settlers the .same old friction came up, 
Indians were cheated, abused and murdered, and white set- 
tlers were burned and men, women and children scalped and 
massacred. But the Quakers stood firm in their old faith 
and friendship for the Indians, refused to carry arms, and 
left their doors unlocked at night. The Indians were 
Iteen and watchful of little acts, like the.se, and considered 
them the lest whether a Quaker still had trust in the Indian 
and faith in the ' "Great Spirit. ' ' In these troublesome times 
one Quaker passed through the woods a long distance every 
day unarmed and unmolested, but one day he took a gun to 
kill some birds. The Indians mistook the gun for a change 
of faith and shot him on sight. Another family of Quakers 
residing on the frontier, and accustomed to retire at night 
without pulling in the latch string to their door, one evening 
after the Indians had been committing several atrocities in 
tlie neighborhood, felt a little uneasy and drew in their latch 
string. The act troubled the mind of the man of the house, 
however, and finally he got out of bed and put the latch 
string back in its place. Shortly afterwards the Indians 
surrounded the dwelling, tried the door, found the string out 
and after a consultation of a few moments retired leaving 
the house unmolested. Subseauently the good Quaker 
learned that the Indians had said: "These people shall live; 
they will do ua no harm, for they put their trust in the 'Great 
Spirit.' " 

It is claimed that for seventy years after the Quakers 
came, not a single white man was slain by an Indian in that 
colony. 




k 


f J^ 




:^'" ...-'■■^- 10' 







Penn Cottage, built in iG»2 and occupied 
by William Peiin during hislater visits 
to Philadelphia. It formerly stood on Le- 
titia St. (Fairmount Park.) Open 8 to b. 



previously located there, and called for a great meet- 
ing of the Indians, whom he addressed through an 
interpreter and told them his benevolent designs to 
live with them in peace, as brothers ; to buy their 
land and not take it from them ; to include them in the 
laws and protect them the same as they would the 
white men. The Indians were much possessed by his 
kindly personality and 
the earnest sincerity of 
his words, and particu- 
larly by the fact that he 
and his attendants came 
among them unarmed ; 
so they readily wel- 
comed liini and entered 
into the famous treaty, 
which has been the 
theme of the philoso- 
pher and the poet for 
many generations since. 
Penn next turned his 
attention to the en- 
couragement of his peo- 
ple in the organization 
of the government and modification of the laws, and m 
building their homes. Some had brought the frames 
of houses with them readv to be set up, others built 
cabins of logs, others constructed huts of bark and 
turf. 

The town flourished as if bv magic. At the end of 
the first year Penn wrote 
home that there were 
already near 250 houses 
and cottages erected. 
Ship after ship came 
crowded with emigrants 
from England, Wales, 
Scotland and Ireland, 
Holland and Germany, 
wliere Penn hadtra veiled 
and preached the doc- 
trines of Quakerism. 
At the end of the sec- 

Chairs used by Wni. Penn, in the room over qi^(J year the total UUni- 
Independence Hall. , * p i nnn 

ber of houses was 600 
and at the end of the third year the city had grown 
more than New York in fifty years. 

For about 100 years the Quakers continued to form 
the larger part of the population and controlled the 
government of the city 
and State; but the 
liberality of their laws 
towards all men and 
the wonderful pros^per- 
ity of their colony in- 
duced a con.stant in- 
flux of men of other 
nationalities and relig- 
ious faiths, and the 
Quakers were gradu- 
ally outnumbered and 
outvoted in the affairs 
of their own colony, until thev are now but a 
mere fraction of the great city of Philadelphia. 

Theoretically the creed of the Quakers required the 





living of a retired and unworldly life, but the necessities 
of participating in the affairs and government of their 
busy colony, gradually mollified their doctrinal aversion 
to politics, punishment, war for self-protection, etc., 
and the levelling influence of American democracy and 
equality has rounded off the peculiarities of their man- 
ners and dress, 
until today the 
stranger will 
look up and 
down the crowd- 
ed thorough- 
fares, without 
seeing any trace 
of the Quakers 
of 100 years ago. 
They no long- 
er irritate judge 
and magistrate 
])y ignoring his 
title and ad- 
dressing him 
"thee" and 
"thou," though 
this quaint pro- 
noun can still 
be heard in 
many of their 
homes; they no 
longer insist up- 
on wearing their 
hats in the presence of polite company ; no longer re- 
fuse to bow and make the greeting "good morning;" 
public office is no longer refused and music and the 

other arts 
are no longer 
proscribefd. 

There are 
still a few 
thousand 
Quakers in 
Philadel- 
phia, and 
they are 
very active 
in promot- 
ing benev- 
o le nt and 

This is the largest Friends' meeting in the city of charita Dl 6 
Philadelphia today. There are thirteen other Quaker works, DUt 
meeting-houses in the city, a list of which can be iUgij. number 



The oldest Quaker meetmg-house in the 
city (ISIHl, where yearly meetings are 
held (Arch St., between Srdand4th sts.). 




Group of silhouettes of old-time Quakers, 




foun d in the city directory. The visitor in the city for over 

Sunday cannot spend a more impressive and interesting jg gQ small 

hourtnan by attendinga service ot these good and virtu- 

ous people, whose word even today is accepted in business that tnev are 

and trade with greater confidence and faith than what is q,^,^,,™ ' fU„ 

generally accorded to any other class of people. (Cor- aiiiuiif, mc 

ner of Race and 15th sts.) smallest de- 

nominations in the city. A large part of the promi- 
nent and influential citizenship of the city today has 
the sturdy Quaker blood in its veins, and i.s proud 
to trace its ancestrv back to some good Friend. 

The leaven of Quaker habit and thought has 
stamped itself strongly on the character of the com- 
munity, making it the city of thrift, peace, and phil- 
£.nthropy summed up in the well-known appellation, 
given but never assumed, "the city of brotherly 
love. ' ' 




BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 




'' p-H^SSi 



FRANKLIN ran away from Boston and came to 
Philadelphia when he was eighteen years old, and 
here he found for his broad mind a more liberal 
atmosphere than existed up in tight little Boston, and 
here he grew and expanded at his 
trade, his business, and his pro- 
fessions, till he became the most 
noted man in the world. 

Franklin's autobiography has be- 
come one of the masterpieces and 
classics of American literature, and 
has been translated into more differ- 
ent languages and had more million 
copies produced than any otherbook -phe American Phiioso- 
ever published in the history of the pincai society, whicii was 
world, except the Bible and tjossibly j" ,"Y ''f' °"'"g f','-''"^- 

T,., -if. -KT 1 lin 8 Junto Club and eon- 

Fllgrmi S Progress. Nearly every tains many Franklmman- 

American has read it, and considers "scripts and reiies (sth, 
that he knows the life of Franklin, !^'Xut). '"""°"' """^ 
at least in its general outlines; but 
the fact is that Franklin never completed his life story 
to cover more than one quarter of the most important 
T~r. -^^^^ aW ~ji part of his career, and that 
1^^- ' .i^^KS^ WM^I J part which he has given is 
so modest in the narration 
that hardly the half is told. 
Therefore, when people 
come here and see the re- 
sults of his splendid public 
works, in institutions such 
as the University of Penn- 
sylvania, the Pennsylvania 

LibTaPTCompanyofPhiladelphia which was HoSpital, aud tllB Philo- 
foun led by franklin and his "Junto aasociatea i • i ri • i t 

inUal. The first cirevilating librarj in the SOphlCal SOClCtV i and dlS- 
country. This building was erected before ji *, i r 1 * 

Franltlin died and he composed the inscription COVCr the eXteUt OI UIS 

to bo seen on the corner stone (eicept the lines apipnfifio irc5rf>71 + inr>a QTlrl in- 

• 'at the instance of Henj. Franklin, etc."). (Cor. »tientlilC lllVenilOIlS ailU III- 

of Locust and Juniper.) Open week days, 9 to 6. VeStiffationS ' lud SCC the 

manuscripts and documents that indicate his position 
in the world of diplomacy and his achievements as 
a statesman; and hear that | 
one single Philadelphia col- 
lector of Franklin portraits 
has over 400 different pict- 
ures, engraved and printed, 
collected from all parts of 
the world ; and read the 
opinion that great men 
placeupon his life and work, 
thev are surprised and as- 
tonished arid turn home i,,;^^?,^!,rT,'o™i,'aY'ln''"the'''^citT: 

irom Philadelphia with a foundeil principally by Franklin's 
r^^T,r ^^^„^-^4-i^^ ^f ^1«;„ etforts in 17.51. (Sth, 9th, Spruce, and 
new conception OI plain Pinests.) open week days 




lectricit.v from the 
well as most widel\- 
d the new 



id the 



civilii 



Ben Franklin who has looked at them off of govern- 
ment postage stamps for so long. 

Franklin was an inventive genius and liked to dis- 
cover the causes of unexplained things. He invented 
a chimney, called the "Pennsylvania chimney," that 
would save more heat and draw up all the smoke; 
and a ' ' Franklin stove ' ' that would throw out heat 
so as to warm all partsof a room alike; he invented pav- 
ing stones 
to make 
the streets 
hard and 
smooth; 
and when 
he had 
gained 
something 
ofacompe- 
tence from 
his print- 
i n g and 
publishing 
a n d had 
more time 
from h is 
bus i ness, 
he de^•oted 
himself to 



that 



ed by hu 



Franklin's experiment of drawing 
clouds was one of the most sensational 
heralded discoveries ever madt 
spread immediately all over Europe 
world. Little was known about electncitv 
time, thoufEh numerous experiment.* with 
electricity were being studied enthus 
by the scientific men of the day. \\'ilh 
atus partly imported and partly 
own mgenuity Franklin had carried 
periments and he became convinced 
existed in the atmos phere. and 
lightning were both caused by / it. To p 
theory he hit upon the plan / of flying a kite with a 
piece of pointed steel at the / apex and another piece 
of steel (a key) tied to the / end of his string. Select- 
there / was an approaching thunder 
he went out y/ into the pastures (in the vicinity 

the / city hall) attended by only his 
young grandson , / _ and put up his kite, standing it 
is said under the edge of an old 
cow shed for shelter, while he held the 
string, .-^fter several times putting his 
knuckle to the key. he saw a spark, and 
then distinct little flashes of fire, such as 
can be obtained by applying ones knuckles 
to a fast revolving leather belt in a factory 
or machine shop. Thus proving his theory 
It proved a dangerous experiment, for a 
professor in Russia who tried to repeat it 

soon after, was struck by such a strong 

t that he was killed instantly 






inquiries 

into all kinds of subjects of scientific investigation, such 
a.-? the habitual northeasterly course of storms in the 
United States; the course and 
temperature ofthe Gulf stream, 
the cause of wind in the air, 
of evaporation, the ventilation 
of houses, the harmony of mu- 
sic. But it was when he turned 
his attention to electricity 
that lie attracted the attention 
of the wide world. 

University of Pennsylvania, one ofthe Nothlug, pCrliapS, that CVCF 

largest and finest colleges in the land. i .ii ii 

Originally projected by Franklin, in a lit- OCCUrrcd UpOU tlie Carth WaS SO 

tie pamphlet, -Proposals relating to the ^q\\ ealculatcd tO give ally 

education of youth in Pennsylvania." A i , • i • 

copy is among the Franklinana in the UiaU SUCll CXtcnSlVe aUd UUl- 

Pennsylvania Historical Society. (Wood- VCrSal CClebrltV aS tllC drawlug 

land ave., near a4th 8t.) CTlj.* c ^^ l J 

OI lightning from the clouds; 
liglitning had theretofore been such a mysterious and 
terrorizing element that the act kindled the imagi- 
nation of all mankind with admiration and awe. And 
his invention of the lightning rod has put an ever 
present reminder of the name Franklin upon nearly 
every building, large and small, public and private, 



in every part of the civilized globe. 



After Franklin was 
abroad and spent 24 
service of his country 
England and France, 
were spent in England 
to treat the colonies 
tion; and eight of 
France, persuading 
to lend money and 
nitions of war to his 
He succeeded in this 
wonderful degres. 
had preceded him, 
friendly meekness and 
made the 
him with a 

that knew no 

was dined, 
honored in 
ceivable way ; 
streets were 
him; prints, 
busts, medal- 
in rings, lid 





fifty years old he went 

more busy years in the 

as agent or minister to 

Fourteen of the years 

trying to induce herking 

with greater considera- 

them were spent in 

the French government 

men, anfi ships and mu- 

fighting countrymen. 

to an extraordinarily 

His fame as a scientist 

and his kindly face, 

Quaker-like simplicity, 

people love 

veneration 

bounds. He 

feted, and 

every c o n- 

societies and 

named after 

port r a its , 

lions to be set 

Franklin monument m front ot Post Otiice. tosnuff -boxes 

and other articles, were reproduced and sold in incredible quaii- 

tities. A French historian has written, "His virtues and his 
renown negotiated for him, and before 
the second year of his mission had ex- 
pired, no one conceived it possible to 
refuse fleets and an army to compatriots 
of Franklin. " 

He not only negotiated successfully a 
treaty of alliance, making the French our 
allies against England, and induced her 
to send armies and men of war to our 
assistance, but he secured loan after loan 
for our government, first, 2,000,000 francs, 
then 3,000,000; 1,000,000; 4,000,000 and 
1,000,000 and 6,000,000; in all a total that 
was enormous for France to lend in her 
straightened financial condition, and a 
sum noone else but Franklincould have pro- 
cured. 
When he came home at the 

end of the war, the French 

people taking leave of him as 

one of the sages of the ages, 

and the king sending the 

queen 's own private litter to 

ease his journey totheseacoast, 

he returned to Philadelphia 

and at once took a seat in the . 

Congress of the indei)endent jBi,. 

.states that was framing the 

constitution, and rendered 

what some consider his ereat- Historical .Society of Pennsylvania. con- 

est public service. The small taining the best coUection of books printed 

stntps and the larire states ^7 ^''''"''''" ^o"^ "'^ '""*' '=°'"P''^"^ "'^ °' 
states ana me large states j^j^ ^^^^ 0^^ ^,,,^^^^^^,^„,,^;^ y^.^„^.. 

were waging a bitter con- ^iso overbid volumes of his writings; a col- 
test over the question of how lection of the Poor Richard almanacs; and 
each state should be repre- partof his pnvatelibrary. (Locust & 13th.) 
Opea 10 to C. 




uf the gcpds. 





View of Market St., where Franklin walked up from the wharves, the 
mornine he landed, eating a loaf of bread, with another loaf under each 
arm. Near the top of the hill shown in the picture is where the girl looked 
out and laughed at his ridiculous appearance. The girl was Deborah Reed 
and she later became liis wife. His print shop was on this same street. 




sented — the larger states wanting it to be by population and 
the smaller states insisting that it must be by an equal number 
of delegates from each state. The contest was a determined one 
and it looked for a time as though all possibility of a union was 
lost. Till, finally, Franklin's ingenious mind hit upon the plan 
of a senate with equal representation and a house with propor- 
tional representation. It was a great stroke of statecraft, which 
was adopted imrnediately and will doubt- 
less always remain an integral part of our 
form of government. 

Though Franklin's short story of his own 
life i^ the nearest approach that he ever 
made to writing a book, probably no man 
ever influenced the thoughts and habits of 
his countrymen with the pen more than he. 
His newspaper ha<l the largest circulation 
of any among the colonies, and his Poor 
Richard's almanac went into almost every 
household. The teachings of frugality and 
thrift, and the early seeds of thought abotit 
the rights of taxation and a union of the 
colonies, it can now be seen, had a tremen- 
dous influence upon the mass of the peo- 
ple — so much so that Poor Richard's say- 
ings were as common as Bible quotations, 
and became so much a part of every-day 
language that many of them were per- 
manently incorporated into the vocabu- 
lary of American speech, and remain so 
today. Such remarks as Poor Richard's Almanac. 

"^^ 1 "Time is money;" '*A word to the wise is 

' ' ■ 1 1 li I enough;" "Diligence is the mother of good luck;" 

! "Three removes are as bad as a fire ;" "Early to bed 

I and early to rise makes men healtiiy, wealthy and 

; wise;" "*If you would know the value of money go 

i and try to llorrow some ;" "Experience keeps a dear 

school, but fools will learn in no other ;" 

are heard today on 

every hand, every 
' day in the year, 

with no knowledge 

as to where they 
^Hssffi-- came from, 150 

^^H^ Taken all in all 

Franklin was one of 
the most remark- 
able men that the 
world has ever seen. 
Though the real strength and brilliancy of 
his character has drifted into partial ob- 
scurity it is not because it rests on doubt- 
ful information, for few men ever wrote 
so much that has been preserved and few 
men ever had so much written about them, 
him and pictured him as a modem god like the gods of mythol- 
ogy; Thomas Carlyle described him as one of the demigods of 
humanity; and we have the word of our own John Adams for it 
that if all the paragraphs about ' 7e granrf Franklin" printed 
every day in the magazines and gazettes of Europe could be 
collected together they would be greater in number than upon 
any other _ '-^^ 



man that 
ever lived. 
Adams was in 
France with 
him to negoti- 
ate the treaty 
of peace and 
he says: 

"His name 
was familiar 
to kings and 
courtiers, no- 
bility, clergy 
and philoso- 
phers, as well 
as plebeians, 
to such a de- 
gree that there 
was scarcely a 
peasant or a 
citizen, a valet 

de chambre, a coachman or footman, a lady's chambermaid or a 
scullion in a kitchen, who was not familiar with it, and who did 
not consider him as a friend to human kind." 



A copy of Franklin's 
newspaper. 




Franklin 's wife, 
Deborah. 



The French wrote 




Grave of Franklin and his wife. 
{In cemetery at corner of Arch and 5th sts.) 




INDEPENDENCE HALL AND 
THE LIBERTY BELL 




T 

Hall. 



HERE is not in America a mecca or a shrine 
that receives more pilgrims at its door than the 
building in Philadelphia known as Independence 




The State House building 
looked in 1776. 



There are days in the summer time when tlie rooms 
and halls are almost filled with people for hours at a 
time, constantly going and coming away, and rarely 
indeed can one enter at any time, in any \Veather with- 
out finding visitors ahead of him. These visitors are 
not only from all over the United States but from all 
over the world. 

In the central hall 
in tiiis building is the 
room where, in July 
1776, the Declaration 
of Independence was 
enacted and signed by 
the delegates of the 
thirteen colonies, 
wliich composed the 
ril original states of the 
Union. 

Here sat Benjamin 
Franklin, wise and 
meek in his old age, and Josepli Jefferson and Samuel 
Adams, and all the rest. An immortal company ; every 
man of thein full of character and individuality — a 
leader of leaders in tlie colony he came from. 

Standing in this council chaml>er today, clean- 
painted and preserved as near as possible in its original 
condition (due largely to the forethought and splendid 
work nearly one hundred years after of a Philadelphia 
gentleman, named Etting), we can see at the head of 
tlie room the desk and chair occupied by John Hancock, 
and here on one side of the room are whole rows of the 
chairs used Ijy the members of tlie Congress. 

With the aid of TrvmibuU's familiar picture of the 
signers of tlie Declaration of Independence we can see 
them ranged in a semi- 
circle in front of the speak- 
er 's desk. We can recall 
the intense warmth and 
vigor of the debaters dur- 
ing the long months of 
argument, hesitation, and 
discussion, waged between 
the peace party and the 
aggressive delegates from 
Virginia and Massachu- 
setts. We can see tlie short, sturdy figure of John 
Adams and the slight form of Richard Henry Lee, the 




Speaker's desk and table 
upon which Declaration of 
Independence was signed. 



two great debaters of the argument, always on their 
feet, winning points with bare majorities, but con- 
tinually winning, 
in such an exas- 
perating way as 
to cause the lead- 
er of the conserv- 
ative members, 
the excellent 
John Dickinson, 
to lose his tem- 
per entirely and 
one day follow 
John Adams out- 
doors to vocifer- 

Froiu an old print of Independence Hall. ate a WOrdv tirade 

at him, and make 

undignified threats about the New England delegates. 

E\'ents move forward and preparations for war are 





Interior view of Independence Hall. 
Open week days, 9 to 4. 

under consideration. John Adams proposes a com- 
mander-in-chief for the troops about Boston, and a 
stalwart figure near the door rises and modestly quits 
the room at the mention of his name. A few weeks 
later we see Richard Henry Lee rise to liis feet with 
the memorable resolutions in his hands: "These 
united colonies are and of right ought to be free and 
independent .states. ' ' 

Then the committee, with Thomas Jefferson at its 
head, draft and report the Declaration of Independence, 




THE OLD LIBERTY BELL. 

The "liberty bell" sets in the vestibule on the park-side en- 
trance to the hall, and it is always an object of the greatest 

interest to all visitors. 

The American people have a 

warm attachment and feeling for 

this huge old bell that are close 

akin to reverence. 

The stirring lines of the poem. 

Ring, grandpa, ring. 
Oh, ring for liberty! 

which they have learned and re- 
cited at school as children, have 
stirred the imagination 
of successive generations 
to an appreciation of the 
great event it stands for 
— ringing out the glad 
tidings of the passage of 
the declaration of inde- 
pendence. But in addi- 
tion to this the legend 
on the surface and the 
crack in its side together 
make a storiT^f strange coincidence that seems to mingle the 
old bell with divine and sacred things. 

A quarter of a century before the declaration of independence 
the Pennsylvania Assembly wanted a bell for its State House, 
and ordered one made in London, to cost about $500, specifying 
that it should weigh about 2,000 lbs. and have the words: "By 
order of the Asse7nbly of the Province of Pennsylvania for the State 
House in the city of Philadelphia, 1762," on its side; and under- 
neath: "Proclaim liberty through all the land to all the inhabi- 
tants thereof. Levil. xxv. 10." Who the prophetic seer was 
who proposed these words to the As.sembly, or what ideas of 
fitness the members associated with them is not known to us 
today. Hidden away in the obscurity of the belfry tower, the 
legend never became a matter of consequence, and nobody in- 
quired about it, until the important events of 1776, when it 
became the first bell in the land to proclaim the liberty of the 
American people, after the passage of the declaration of indepen- 
dence. 

This was very remarkable, even as a coincidence, but the 
second coincidence, connected with the crack in the side of the 
bell is more remarkable still. 

Barring some vicissitudes, such as being moved out of town 
when Howe's army came into Philadelphia (so he could not melt 
it up for bullets) and being taken down to repair the tower, the 
bell continued to be used on all special occasions, celebrating 
Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown, tolling when Washington 
was buried, when Jefferson and Adams died, and so on for over 
fifty years, until it saw the last of the great men who had under 
its roof composed and signed the declaration of independence, 
carried to his grave, save one. On July 8, 1835, it tolled again, 
this time for the last man. Chief Justice John Marshall, whose 
funeral was being held in Philadelphia. The funeral procession 
passed under the shadow of the building; as it passed on out of 
sight down Chestnut street, the bell slowly tolling, of a sudden, 
at a stroke of the clapper the great bell cracked. There was a 
big rent in its metal, half way up the side. As though its life 
work was done, as though it would "follow the last of the 
makers of American Libertyinto the 'great silence'," it became 
at that moment and at that hour silent forever. 

Whenever the bell has journeyed away from home, to Chicago at tlie World's 
Fair and to Boston and St. Louis, it has been the object of great enthusiasm and 
curiosity from the people in every hamlet and town through which it has passed. 

The round holes along the line of the crack are where attempts were made to 
cut the edges free from each other, in the hope that sound could be restored, but 
the attempt was unsuccessful and had to be abandoned. 



|\ CONGKLSS^ hi 



lo.'lu'uiiauimcii* 



, 'hiiiti'f >'f-'Xii 




Facsimile of the Declaration of Indcpc 



and we see Jefferson twisting and turning in his seat 

at the way tlie other members criticise and alter Ins 

document and Frankhn notices it, too, and leans over 

and consoles him with the little story of the hatter, 

who made a sign ^ 

for his shop with 

the picture of a 

hat and the words 

"John Thomp- 
son, Hatter, 

makes and sells 

hats for ready 

money," anil 

showed it to his 

friends, striking 

out what thev 

criticised until at 

last he had noth- 
ing left but his 

name and the hat. 
Finally, it is 

voted on and 

adopted and we 

see the members 

gathered about 

the speaker's 

desk to affix their 

signatures. John 

Hancock, the first to sign, grasps the pen, and boldly 

writes his huge signa- 
nature, with the remark: 
"I write so that George 
the Third may read with- 
out his spectacles. ' ' Ben- 
jamin Harrison, standing 
at his elbow, replies, 
"Well, we must all hang 
together in this thing." 
"Yes," says Franklin, 
' ' or we shall surely hang 
separately. " 

Thuswas the work com- 
pleted and thus was set 

Hcnise in which .Jetterson wrote the „ng ^j^g nations of 

Declaration of Independence. , ,' ., '^ t-. i v 

Now torn down. the earth a newKepublic, 

destined to such amazing 

growth and power and prestige as to make this occasion 

and this little 

hall celebrated 

throughout all 

landsandamong 

all peoples. 
But this is not 

all. Other people 

caught the idea. 

They said it is 

good to be free, 

andhavethe lib- 
erty of making 

your own laws, 

and do away 

with kings. 

France caught it 

and she had tlie 

French Revohi- 





Penn National Bank, now occupying .cite of 
house in which Jefferson wrote the Declaration 
of Independence. (Cor. Market and Tth.') 



tion; and the idea has been spreading so fast in the 100 
years that have intervened that tlie western half of 
the world is nearly all republics, and in the other half the 
spirit is marching on; many republics have already been 
established, and most of the kingdoms that remain 
have been so modified and 
stripped of power, that 
parliaments and Reichs- 
tags selected by the peo- 
ple make all the laws and 
levy all the taxes. To all 
these republics, America 
has ever been the beacon 
of encouragement, from 
which they have drawn 
their inspiration and pat- 
terned their forms of gov- 
ernment. 

This event, therefore, 
was not only one of the most important in Am.eri- 
can history, but it has had such ^far reacliing 
influence upon the human race that it ^as come to be 
considered one of the most important events in the 
history of the world. 




The inkstand in whirii .lolin Han- 
cock and others dipped their 
pens to sign tlieir names 
to the Declaration 
of Independence. 



Though Carpenters' Hall is somewhat outclassed by Independ- 
ence Hall, where the declaration was signed, the visitor should 
not forget that this hall has very important associations con- 
nected with it. 

The Pennsylvania State 
Assembly was using Inde- 
pendence Hall, when the 
congress arrived in Phila- 
delphia, so they held their 
first meeting here in this, 
the hall of an association 
of carpenters and builders, 
as being the next largest 
and best hall to be had 
in the city. 

On that September 
morning in 1774 when the 
first convention of the 
delegates was held in Phil- 
adelphia, there were 44 
members present, and they 
met at the city tavern to 




Carpenters' Hall. 

Chestnut st. between .3rd and 4th. 

Open week days, 9 to 4, 

Saturdays,!) to 1. 



march in a body to the hall. 

One of the best glimpses we have of this first gathering, is in 
the following from the diary of John Adams : 

When Congress first met, one delegate made a motion that 
it should be opened with prayer. Some opposed because the 
delegates were so divided in religious sentiments, .some Episco- 
palians, some Quakers, some Presbyterians etc., that they could 
not join in the same act of worship. Mr. Samuel Adams arose 
and said, "he was no bigot" and could hear a prayer from any 
gentleman of piety and virtue, who was at the same time 
a friend to his country. He was a stranger in Philadelphia, but 
had heard that Mr. Duche, an Episcopal clergyman, deserved 
that character, and he therefore moved that Mr. Duche might 
be desired to read Prayers to Congress to-morrow morning. 
The motion was carried and accordingly the next morning the 
reverend gentleman appeared with his clerk in his pontificate 
and read several prayers in the established form, and then read 
the collect for the 7th day of September, which was the 35th 
Psalm. You must remember this was the next morning after 
we heard the horrible rumor of the cannonade of Boston. I 




never saw a greater effect upon an audience. It seemed as if 
Heaven ordained that Psalm to be read that morning. After 
this, Mr. Duch^, unexpectedly to everybody, struck out into 
an extemporary prayer, which filled the bosom of every man 
present. I must confess I never heard a better prayer, or one 
so well pronounced. ' ' 

Here Patrick Henry made his famous single speech delivered 
to Congress. 

Here were the three great state papers enacted, called the 
"declaration of rights,'' the "address to the king," and the 
"address to the people of Great Britain," which brought forth 
the eulogium from the great English pre- 
mier Lord Chatham: "When your lordships 
look at the papers transmitted us from Amer- 
ica, when you consider this decency, firm-j 
ness, and wisdom, you cannot but respect! 
their cause and wish to make it your own. 1 
For myself I must avow that in all my read- 
ing — and I have read Thucydides, and 
have studied and admired the master 
states of the world — for solidity of reason, 

. „ .^ ... , , . John Pickiaaon the Phili.- 

lorce OI sagacity and wisdom of conclusion delphian who tlrafted the 

under a complication of diflScult circum- d-'""""" "f «is'"'- 
stances, no body of men can stand in preference to the general 
Congress at Philadelphia. The histories of Greece and Rome 
give us nothing equal to it. ' ' 

This session lasted but a few weeks, and when Congress 
reconvened the next spring it met thereafter in the State House, 
now called "Independence Hall." 

Old State House Building. 
Independence Hall was originally built for a "State House" 
for the Pennsylvania Colony. The plans and the order for the 
money for its erection are still in existence. The brick and 
most of the hardware material were imported from England. 

Many visitors inquire why everything looks so new in an 
old buildmg. The ravages of time have made it absolutely 
necessary to repair and replace a great deal of the inside finish 
to the building, like floors, door sills, window casings, etc., and 
everything is kept heavily coated with paint as a preservative 
against moisture. So it is this that gives the interior such an air 
of bright newness. But all the original English brick are in the 
building, and the only 
part of it which has been 
rebuilt is the steeple, 
which was of wood and 
became so decayed that it 
had to be rebuilt. 

In the main building 
on the east side is the 
room where the declara- 
tion of independence wa^ 
adopted and signed. In 
the hall sets the liberty 
bell which used to be in 
the steeple. The room on 
the opposite side of the 
hall was the Supreme 
Court room of the prov- 
ince. In the further wing 
on this same side (west) 




Picture jiallery over Independi 



is the hall where the U. S. Congre;^s met from 1790 to 1800 
It is called 

The Congress Hall Chamber, 
because here was adopted the Constitution of the United 
States. It is a very historic room. Washington was inaugu- 
rated for president here for his second term; John Adams was 
also inaugurated president here; and it was the scene of 
many other important occasions during the ten years Congress 
sat here. 

The Museum. 

In the other wing, at the extreme east of the building is a 
museum containing many relics of the Revolution, including 
the original draft of the Assembly's bill, appropriating 2,000 
Iiounds for the building of the State House, in the year 1729. 




FIRST AMERICAN FLAG 




IT is believed that nothing quite so fully enlists the 
enthusiasm of the women visiting Philadelphia as 
Betsy Ross's little home on Arch street, at Xo. 239, 
where the first American flag was patterned and made, 
with the cooperation of George Washington himself. 

Here was a woman's hand in the work of Congress 
and the founding of 
the Republic and 
why should not 
women be enthusias- 
tic? 

Betsy Ross was a 
niece of Colonel 
George Ross, one of 
the members of Con- 
gress, and she did 
very fine needlework. 
It is said she had em- 
broidered ruffles for 
George Washington 
and that he knew her 
skill with the needle ; 
so when Congress di- 
rected a committee 
to have a flag made 
"with thirteen stripes, alternate red and white," and 
"thirteen stars in a blue field," he and Colonel 
Ross and Robert Morris called upon Betsy Ross, with 
the rough plan drawn upon a piece of paper. She was 
a bit fazed at first by such an important piece of 
work as that and said: "I don't know whether I can," 
but continued, "I'll try." Her first suggestion was 
that a new and more accurate drawing be made. So 
in her back parlor George Washington, with pencil 
in hand, made a new and more careful design, Mrs. 
Ross also suggesting that the stars should be five- 
pointed instead of six-pointed as on the first draft. 

It seems as if she must have been very rapid as well 
as proficient with her needle, for, though there were 
26 bars and 26 stars to be cut and fitted and sewed 




The Betsy Ross House. 

No. 239 Arch street. 




most carefully, to make all lie flat and smooth, it is 
reported that the very next day she had the flag ready 
for Congress. 

The flag was made so successfully and satisfactorily 
that Congress adopted it and forthwith gave her the 
business of making all the government flags. Until her 
death, 
she con- 
tinned 
the bus- 
i n e s s , 
m a k i n g 
all the 
flags for 
the navy 
ya r d s , 
the arse- 
nals, and 
the mer- 
cantile 
marines. Burial-place in Mt. Moriah Cemetery. 

A patriotic society, organized under the name "The 
American Flag House and Betsy Ross Memorial Associ- 
ation," has recently purchased 
the Betsy Ross house, for 
$25,000, the sum being raised 
with ten-cent pieces, contrib- 
uted by men, women, and 
children, in every state in the 
Union. The place has already 
been bought, and when fully 
paid for will be turned over 
to the Federal government to 
be held in trust forever, but 
there is still a mortgage of 
$1700 to be paid off", and for 

the time being, anv person, This is widely known as Betsy Ross's 

who wants to aid in the under- p"''"^^' ""'J'" ''"/'!" )' °"''' " 

make-up, photographed a tew years 

taking, can contribute ten ago. 

cents and get one of the Association's certificates of 
membership or have it forrvarded by mail for four- 
teen cents. 





TWO NATIONAL FINANCIERS 




IN business it is money that "makes the wheels go round," and with a government as well as a busi- 
ness, when money is not to be had bankruptcy and ruin are the result. 
Twice in the history of this country the government has been in a very bad way; the creditwas exhausted, 
and money was not to be had; and each time a great financier has come to the rescue and, by the force of 
his genius and character, raised the funds that preserved the credit of the nation and saved it from disaster. 

These two occasions were divided apart by near a hundred years, but each time it was to Philadelphia 
that the government turned to find the masterspirit that "saved the day" for the treasury. 



Every reader of history knows what privations and sufferings 
Washington's army underwent in the long seven years' struggle 
of the War of the Revolution. 

The blood-stained footprints of his men marching on Trenton, 
their frost-bitten feet and actual famine at Valley Forge, and 
their mutinous march to Prmceton, all tell the story. Congress 
had no treasury; had no power to levy taxes; yet Washington's 
army had to exist. The colonies gave some money individually, 
but never half enough; Congress ordered some issues of paper 
money but this fast depreciated in 
value; and France contributed 
handsomely, at Franklin's per- 
suasion, but our necessities were so 
great that this was fast eaten up, and 
in the fourth year of the war all re- 
sources seemed to be exhausted. The 
government was weak and helpless. 
Washington 's army had dwindled to 
a shadow. It wasthedarkest hourof 
the revolution. 

At this critical juncture Robert 
Morris, who was arich merchant and 
banker in Philadelphia and a mem- 
ber of Congress, was induced to be- 
come the Superintendent of Finance 
for the government. All money 
affairs had heretofore been attended 
to, after a fashion, by a committee, 
and this was the first attempt to 
give the country a competent exec- 
utive head to manage its Treasury. 
It was an office with no glory and 
lots of discouragement attached to 
it, but Morris set to work at once, organized the first national 
bank of the country, gave it standing by subscribing to most of 
the capital stock himself, and with this accomplished, he was 
able to negotiate some loans with foreign governments and raise 
some funds for Washington's destitute army. He labored night 
anri day to relieve the paralyzed finances of the government; 
pledged his entire personal fortune as security for loans to the 
government; anil, in the crisis of the Yorktown campaign, dis- 
tinguished him.self by raising $1,500,000 
for Washington's army, without which 
it is stated Washington could not have 
made the move that resultetl in the sur- 
render of Cornwallis at Yorktown, and 
which practically ended the war. 

Morris remained at the head of the 
Treasury for three years, until the war 
ended and the complicated difficulties 
attendant upon the disbandment of the 
army were settled. 

He was later reimbursed by the 
government for the money he had 
pledged for its credit, but he met with 
many reverses in his old age ; made bad 
speculations, lost his fortune, and came to the humiliation of a 
flebtor's prison. 




Bank of North America fuuiided 
by Morris. 




Morris soliciting subscriptic 
from door to door for 
Washington's army. 



During the dark days of the civil war of 1861, when it was 
costing the government three million dollars a day to support 
the imnien.se number of soldiers it had in the field, the national 
treasury became so embarrassed that the government was over 
sixty million dollars behind in its payments of the soldiers' wages, 
and no one wanted the bonds which 
it was offering for sale. 

Jay Cooke of Philadelphia was ap- 
pealed to by the Secretary of the Treas- 
■J, ury, to become the government 's agent 
if and find sale for the bonds. 

Cookeat once stopped appealingtothe 

money centres, and took the ca.se of the 

endangere<l union directly to the homes 

of the northern people, asking for sub- 

scniJtionsfor .$.50. flOO, or .?1,000, and 

it wasnotlong before hehadmoneycom- 

ing in at the rate of three million per 

day, and in a few months the issue of 

Jay Cooke's residence, bonds was exhausted and over-sub- 

.scribedtothe extentof thirteenmillion. 

Cooke 's success .seemed so easy that when Congress authorized 

a new issue of bonds to get more money, the Secretary of the 

Treasury thought he would try to float the loan himself, but he 

met with total failure, and after allowing the army to be impaid 

for .several months he again called upon Mr. Cooke to handle the 

loan for the government. Mr. Cooke appealeil to the people 

again anfl in five months' time he sold the largest issue of bonds 

the govern- 
ment has 
ever made, 
.SS30.000, 
000. On 
one occa- 
sion whi le 
he was 




THIS EXEIVIPT'OIVI FROM TAXATION 

MAKES IHE IN'VtATMtVr EaCAL TO 10 PEB m i Ptfl ANNDE 

THE BEST INVESTMENT 



ON THIS KAJSTB 



Viid tlic Safcsi! 



AMERICA. 



placing 
this loan he 
r ece i v e d 
$42 .000, 
000 in one 
day. 

Mr. Cooke 
is still alive 
(190.5), liv- 
ing with his 
daughter at 
Elk ins Park 
antl enjoy- 
ing a com- 
fortable old 
age, almost 
unk n ow n 
to the pres- 
old advertisement carrying Cooke's appeal to the people. ent genera- 
tion who have little conception of the masterly abilities that 
couh' raise nearly two thousand millions of dollars for the gov- 
ernment when it was powerless to secure money for itself. 



POOR PEOPLE CAN INVEST AS WEtX AS RICH. 

The Interest Coupons m'c Cash Everywhere. 

SUBSCRIBE QUICK. 






PUT YOUR MONEY WHERI IT IS FOREYIR SATE 



Copyrighted by Wm. II. Kau. 



ONE or THE BIG * CITIES °^ EARTH 




PHILADELPHIA is one of the big cities of the 
earth. Only two cities in this country and six in 
all other countries, equal it in population and size. 
From the tower of city hall one can overlook the 
roofs of more than 200,000 separate dwelling houses, 
a sight not to be seen elsewhere in the western hemi- 
sphere; and if one could count all the manufacturing 
establishments in sight there would be over 6,000 of 
them — likewise a greater number than can be found 
in an}' other city in this hemisphere. 




View from the top of City Hall tower; looliiug up Marliet 
street, riiiladelpliia's principal business street. 

The confines of the city take in a whole county; 
two of the longest streets are over twenty miles in 
length; and if one should attempt to walk through 
all the streets, as laid out, it would be the same 




Along tlie Delaware river front. 

as walking across the country to Helena, Montana. 

Also Philadelphia stands unequalled in the great and 
widely distributed prosperity of her people. Two out of 
every three houses is a " home, ' ' owned by the family 
living in it. In proportion to population she has a 
greater number of houses than any other large city in 
America, and as far as statistics are known, in the 
world. The average number of persons living in one 
house is only five — men, women, and children ; whereas 
in other cities the average runs up to ten and twelve, 
and in New York City the average is sixteen persons to 
every house. This is what makes Philadelphia known 
preeminently as "The City of Homes. ' ' 

This instinct of the native Philadelphian to own his 
own home has brought into existence a large number 
of mutual cooperative societies, and building and loan 
associations, which help build annually about 7000 
new houses. 

It has also encouraged the building of street car 
lines, until now there is not a street of any consequence 
that has not a line of electric cars. 

She also enjoys the distinction of having toda\' the 
most American population of any of our large cities. 
Quiet and conservati\'e, it has attracted but little of 
the foreign immigration that has flooded America in 
recent years, and 77% of its inhabitants are native 
born, while 47% are born of native-born parents. 

Socially, Philadelphia is a world within itself. Hav- 



ing an historic past of the noblest scenes and deeds, its 
old families treasure their ancestral traditions with 
proud and jealous care; and being a city of vast 
commercial and industrial enterprise, it has bred fami- 
lies, new and old, of immense wealth. There are nearly 
600 persons whose individual wealth is estimated to 
be from 300,000 to 900,000 of dollars; and over 
200 men who are rated as millionaires. The old 
families have their family prestige and the new families 
have their riches, and there is keen rivalry between 
them for social supremacy. 

Society's elect is supposed to be "800" instead of 
"the 400, ' '^as in New York, and its principal organiza- 
tion is the City Dancing Assembly, managed by a self- 
perpetuating committee of six, who arrange a grand 
ball twice a year in January and February and, through 
the invitations they issue, control the portals to Phila- 
delphia 's "society." Nowhere else in the United 
States is there a. social machine or dynasty that has 
held undisputed sway over a city for 150 years, as has 
the "Assembly" in Philadelphia. 

The oldest families are clustered together very closely 
on and in the vicinity of Rittenhouse square and it is 
said that they have in the past maintained a dead line 
marked by certain streets, beyond which an outsider 
must not come, if he would not face the icy ostracism 
of all his neighbors. If one would get a sight of some 
of Philadelphia's most conservative society he can do 
so by visiting this square after church on a Sunday 
noon, when they come forth regularly by habit, on 
Walnut street, along the south side of Rittenhouse 
square, to greet friends, bow to acquaintances, and 
walk up and down between 14th and I9th streets. 

In the city proper (the old part of Philadelphia) the 
streets are marked by a striking monotony of red brick 
with white trimmings. Rows upon rows of houses, \n 
street after street are identically the same in their 




liittenhouse square, around which is clustered 
Philadelphia's older aristocracy. 

architecture, and constructed of the universal red 
brick, to be seen everywhere, a feature partly ac- 
counted for by the fact that bricks are the cheapest 
and best building material to be had, Philadelphia 
having the peculiar sort of clay soil mixed with sand 
adapted to the making of finest brick, and brick-mak- 
ing being one of her extensive industries. But in 
the newer parts of the city, like the suburbs of Ger- 
mantown and West Philadelphia, the residences are 
varied in their architecture and beautiful in their sur- 
roundings. Some of them are veritable palaces with 
grounds w hich rival the largest public parks in their 
beauty and extent. Philadelphia's newest business 
buildings and finer residences in the city show a 
conscious attempt to break away from this monotony 
and give the city more variety in its architecture. 





Group of suburban palaces occu- 
pied by rich Philadelphians. 



A characteristic residential street showing private houses, 
all red brick and same style of architecture. 




LARGEST MANUFACTURING 
CITY IN AMERICA 




IT has been well said that if one would thoroughly 
know Philadelphia, he must leave the streets and 
step inside the doors of industry, midst the thou- 
sands of glowing furnaces, the immense cauldrons with 
clouds of steam, the noise of anvils, the din of ham- 
mers, the rush of spindles, and the whirl of machinery. 
Philadelphia has the largest output of manufactured 
products of any city in America. It is estimated that 
there are nearly four hundred different kinds of articles 
made here, comprising almost every product that can 
be named, from hairpins, matches, and nails, to stoves. 



sewing-machines, locomotives, and war-ships. The 
greater part of them come under the head of the iron 
and steel and the textile industries. 

Some idea of the extent of the manufactures of the 
city may be had from the fact that the City Bureau 
of Boiler Inspection reports between 5000 and 6000 
boilers under its supervision. The total yearlv product 
is estimated at $600,000,000. 

Many of these mammoth industrial plants are the 
largest of their kind in America, and some of them 
the largest in the world. 




-Keasby & Mattison.asbestos mfrs. 2. — Surpass Leather Co. 3. — Keystone Watch Case Co. 4. — Fayette R 
Plumb, tool mfr. 5. — Wolfe Process Leather Co. 6. — Baltimore Locomotive Works. 
7. — Leicester Oc Continental Mills Co. 




A view of part of the Atlantic Oil Refining Company's works, covering 400 acres at Point Breese (terminus of Passyunk avenue). 
This company is a part of the Standard Oil trust, and its output is one half of the world's total consumption of illuminatinis fluid. 




The famous Cramp shipyards (near junction of Beach and Ball sts.). 




The great coal-yards and docks of the Philadelphia & Reading Railway, on the Delaware 
riverfront, up opposite Richmond suburb. 



The most valuable man- 
ufacturing plant in the city 
IS the great government 
mint, at 17th and S)>ring 
Garden streets. Everybody 
is interested to see how 
Uncle Sam's money is made; 
so this is one of the first at- 
tractions of the city. 

From 9 to 12 o'clock, 
every forenoon, guides are 
on duty to conduct visitors 
through the various depart- 
ments, starting with the storage room, and following the pro- 
cesses to the melting and cutting rooms, where the money is 
stamped or coined. Here one may witness an actual demon- 
stration of the oft-repeated phrase: " literally coining money." 




U. S. Mint. 




$1.00 per word, set in the smallest type. 



Possibly the most widely known 
product of any manufacturing plant in 
the city, not even excepting Cramp's 
shipyards, is that of the Curtis Pub- 
lishing Co., which prints and i)ublishes 
the two great magazines, the Ladies' 
Home Journal and the Saturday 
Evening Post, both of them stujien- 
dnus successes of modern times in 
magazine publications. The Ladies' 
Home Journal has the largest circula- 
tion of any high class magazine in the 
world. It enjoys the reputation of 
being the most artistic publication in 
America. It commands the highest 
price any magazine ever received for 
its ad\-ertising space, charging nearly 




JOHN WANAMAKER, 

THE AMERICAN MERCHANT 

PRINCE 




OUTSIDE of Independence Hall and the Liberty 
Bell, it is doubtful if there is anything in Phila- 
delphia in which visitors so uniformly manifest 
an interest as the store of the great American mer- 




W'aiiamaker's fainci 

chant and advertiser, John Wanamaker. 

Philadelphia is the city he has always made his 
home, and the story of how he has risen from a 
poor boy to be the richest and most prominent mer- 
chant in America, and probably in all the world, 
is one of compelling interest, the outlines of which 
are as follows: In his father's brickyard when a 

lad; an er- 
rand boy 
earning one 
dollar and a 
lialf per week 
at the age of 
14; a clerk in a 
clotliing store 
at 17; in bus- 
iness with a 
partner at 
23; owner 
of a second 
clothing 
store at 32, 
and later 
other branch 
stores; then, 
finally, the concentration of his efforts in the present 
great department store. 

Ten years ago he purchased and reestablished the 
once famous A. T. Stewart store in New York, which 
had languished and failed in other hands, until the 
magic of the Wanamaker name and genius made it a 
greater success than ever before, and even compelled 




View of the faii'uus book dfpanineiii wliit 
disposes uf more books annually than any 
other book shop in the world. 



the erection of another building next to it, twice as 
large as the first. 

" Everything John Wanamaker touches turns to 
gold," is a current phrase among Philadelphians, who all 
his life have watched tlie success of everything he has 
undertaken, whether it be his mercantile enterprises, 
or the BethanA- Sunday School, witli its 4,000 scholars, 
or tlie restaurant where he feeds more people than any 
other place in the city, or 
the Penny Savings Bank, 
with 13,000 accounts, or 
his Market Street Laun- 
dry, or his various and 
large real estate invest- 
ments, among which they 
most like to tell how he 
once bought an old church 
that no one else wanted, 
kept it a few years with- 
out having to pay any 
taxes, and finally sold tlie 
land at a profit of nearly a 
third of a million dollars, 
because of the rapid in- 
crease in real estate values around it. 

Thoughtful visitors often ask "How does he do it? 
How can he find so many men to run businesses for 
him at a big profit, when it is so hard for other men to 
run a business for themselves at a moderate profit?" 
" A great advertiser," answers one; " a natural born 
organizer," answers another; ' ^ he' s & judge oi men," 
says a third. Still those who \\A\e been studying and 
imitating his methods for years confess themselves 
obliged to resort to the elusive term "genius." 




Hon. John Wanamaker. Philadelphia's 
most eminent citizen, today. 



He always hires the 
said to pay several 
ments more than 
Philadelphia news- 
nearly $1000 per day 
Wanamaker is tlie 
department store 
store was tlie first of 
and his methods, 
every- 
where, ; L 
have 
r e V o lu- 
t ionized 
merchan- 
d i z i n g 
in this 
countr}'. 



best brains to be had; is 
of his heads of depart- 
$10,000 a year, and the 
papers an average of 
for advertising. John 
originator of the modern 
idea in America. His 
the kind in the land, 
which have been copied 




Bethany Church, where the lLir_'<-,^t Suiiihiy S' hnol in America 
meets every Sunday, witli .loliii Wuiiuniakfr always present 
when he is in the city. The average attendance of 3,tlO(l scholars 
is an inspinng sight. 



\A 



T^ITH all Philadelpliia's fine buildings, ancient 
' relics, and historic recollections, to many 



her greatest attraction is the 
beautiful Park of Fairmount situated 
in the northwestern part of the city. 
Liike almost 
e \' e r y thing 
else in Phila- 
delphia it is on 
an immense 
scale, cover- 
ing nearly 
three thou- 
sand acres. 

The Schuyl- 
kill river and 
the beautiful 
Wissahickon 
creek wind 

their way througli the greater portion of it, and lend 
continued variety and charm to tlie natural wildness of 
the scenery, abound- 
ing in sylvan dells, 
shady glades, and 
hilly crags. 

The park is thir- 
teen miles long and 

Along the Schuylkill and the Wissahickon. 




Wooded paths and shaded streams 



the William Penn house, the Robert Morris country 
seat, the Grant headquarters hut, and the Benedict 
Arnold house. 

Fairmount is said to be the largest 
park in the world excepting Windsor 
and Epping 
Forests, in 
England, and 
the Prator in 
Vienna; and, 
of course, tlie 
Yellowstone 
national park 
in this coun- 
try. 

The west 
side of the 
park is where 
the Centen- 




four miles wide, and 
there are miles and miles of fascinating driveways, 
hundreds of natural picnicking places, and beautiful 
wood paths everywhere. There are also boating 

houses, bathing 
houses, play- 
grounds, and 
the zoological 
gardens (the fin- 
est collection 
of animalo in 
America) for the 
pleasure of the 
public, besides other objects of interest such as the 
Horticultural hall. Memorial hall (containing Rother- 
mel's colossal painting of the battle of Gettysburg), 



nial Exposition was held in 1876 and the Horticult- 
ural Building is among those preserved today. It has a 

fine exhibit of exotic 
trees and plants. 

Thougli the best 
way to see the park 
is by carriage, street 
cars approach it from 
all directions and 
there is a belt line of 
cars making a 6-mile circuit through the park, enabling 
one to get off at various points and see many of its 
beauties by short walks. 




Horticultural Hall. Open Otofi, or till dark. 



-,,-.-''.***-' 






i. 




^^s^.\ 


^^L^M^ 


^^^"f^mmm.mt 






rer 










f-'^^^ 




f 


i^^!flp^ 


, " 


.:.^' ■■ . ^ 


.^ 


^*'"*^~^^^^r 






"l^'-^i 


IFa> 




-%*Sr5 


t 








• i 


*>>-, 


^^Zf€ 


w 


tr 






~ 


m^ 







A view of the park from Lemon Hill. 
The best description and guide to the park are to be found in 
the Rand, McNally & Co. Guide to Philadelphia 




OTHER THINGS TO SEE 





Academy of Natural Science. 



There are so many other things worth seeing in 
Philadelphia that it is possible to give only the 
merest suggestion of someoi them. 
Indeed it is impossible for any person to attempt to 
"see" Philadelphia, unless he is prepared 'to stay 
a month and keep "seeing" constantly. 

Philadelphia is foremost as one of the scientific, edu- 
cational, and art centres of the country. 

The Academy of Natural Science, at 19th and Race 
sts., has a museum of natural history which contains 
the largest collection of shells in the world, and the 
largest collection of birds in America, besides very 
important collections of 
fossils, dried plants, 
skins, and other scientific 
objects. [Open 9 to 5 and 
Sunday 1 to 5, free.] 

The University of Penn- 
sylvania (Walnut St. and 
Woodland ave.) is one of 
the oldest and foremost 
colleges in the land, and 
has graduated more students than any other except Har- 
vard. [See iUustration on pages devoted to Franklin.] 

The Academy of Fine Arts (Broad and Cherry sts.) 
is one of the foremost art institutions in the country, 
with a very important museum of famous paintings. 
[Admission fee of 25c. charged.] 

The League Island Navy Yard, situated on League 
Island, at the foot of the city 
[reached by 15th st. cars] is 
another government institu- 
tion of great interest because 
it is the largest of the na- 
tional naval stations. 

The towering granite tem- 
ple of the Masonic Order is a 
sight e\ery Mason is proud to 
look upon. 

Academy of Fine Arts. Botanists from everywhere 

are interested in the celebrated Bartram Gardens, 53rd 
and Eastwich sts. [take Walnut st. car], the oldest bo- 
tanical garden in thecountry, planted by John Bartram 
100 years ago, and containing many rare species, be- 
sides the mysterious extinct tree discovered by the 
elder Bartram. 

A qiKiint and picturesque old landmark, which is 
usually pointed out to visitors is the old Swedes' 
Church, Swanson st. It is the oldest church in the 
city (1698-9), but has no historic importance. 

in Christ Church on 2nd st., above Market, can 
be seen the pew in which George Washington wor- 
shipped. Franklin also had a pew here and John 
Adams attended. One of Wm. Penn's sons was 





buried liere. Some of the communion ser^•ire pieces 
were presented by Queen Anne. Open 9 to 3, daily. 

Longfellow's poem, "Evangeline," had its origin from 
a sad episode here in Philadelphia. A 
maiden from the North actually found 
here her long lost lover. The hospital 
where she found him stood on ^\'alnut 
between 3rd and 4th. 

Nothing is more fascinating in inter- 
est than tlie eccentric and romantic 
life story of Stephen Girard, the French- 
man who was blown into Philadelphia 
port by a passing storm, liked the town, 
stayed, got rich, helped the government 
through the war of 1812, and died worth . 
millions. Streets, business blocks, the 
noble Girard College for orphans, and f"--"'! J"™"'"™'- 
the statue at the foot of City Hall, impress his name 
upon the visitor to the city. He is called Philadel- 
phia's greatest benefactor. 

The country surrounding Philadelphia is rolling, 
hilly, and c.r/rewe/^/ beautiful. A trol- 
ley trip 10 to 20 miles out in almost 
any direction willbefull of interest and 
pleasure, particularly towards Chestnut 
Hill and Mt. Airy in Germantown and 
Devon, Wayneand Bryn Mawr in West 
Itf"'! --BtiSli Pbiladelphia. Most of these places 
Et" ~ ' i'^^ ^'^^^ ' '® reached by the railroad also. 
k_ :,7"''*siB Valley Forge, the headcjuarters of 
Washington's army, in the winter of 
1777, is only 23 miles from Philadel- 
phia, and can be reached in an hour, A'ia the Read- 
ing or Pennsylvania road. 

The great battlefield of Gettysburg is also a short 
ride out on the same railroads. The far-famed sea- 




Otid Fellows Temple. 
jS'urth Broad & Cherry. 



1 


^..M^ 


•^ivfli 


i|Si^ -:dMl 



Navy Yard on League Island. Open 9 to 4, daily. 

side resort, Atlantic City, is within easy reach of the 
city, wdth its 5-mile boardwalk, its fine beach drive- 
way, and bathing, and ever varied life. It can be 
reached bv both the Reading and Pennsvlvania roads. 



H 



LIBRftRY OF CONGRESS 



014 311 862 9 % 





